Rádio? Um sistema de distribuição de música (lealdade...)
3.0.1 Tendências do segundo choque
Existe interactividade. E comunicação?
«O contra-senso consiste em confundir interacção com comunicação. Não é por se passar a vida em interactividade na rede que se comunica mais, ou melhor, sem falar daqueles que, depois de se haverem equipado com a mais completa parafernália para "estar em rede", constatam com angústia que ninguém deseja com eles "interagir", que ninguém os contacta. Que necessidade é esta de estar permanentemente contactável? São as máquinas que se ligam em rede, não os homens.» (wolton, 2000: 183/184)
O que faz o receptor da Slacker
E os receptores satélite:
MultitaskinG. perigo e oportunidade (intro)
«To some extent, the threat to older media is a cultural–generational one. As McLuhan noted, new media can change profoundly the way in which content is consumed and perceived.(...) Moreover, the sheer number of media available can also change consumption patterns – today’s youngsters listen to music, watch TV, read magazines and play video games simultaneously, thereby altering the media experience of each. Such ‘parallel consumption’ (or multi-tasking) is a problem for each older medium but also an opportunity for synergistic inter-media cooperation, for example, CD music which is produced specially as streaming background to popular internet video games.» (Lehman-Wilzig e Cohen-Avigdor, 2004: 722)
O futuro ameaçado da rádio musical
«So what does the future hold for traditional broadcast radio (even those services on DAB)? My contention is that it will (should) return to basics, do what it does best on the understanding that the world is changing. Stations operating ‘more music’ formats cannot succeed in an environment where listeners have access to large libraries of music on iTunes, Napster or Kazaa. Variety-led radio formats like ‘Jack FM’ have been launched in the US to offer greater diversity, and KYOU Radio has launched an all Podcast format in San Francisco in which listeners submit Podcasts for FM broadcast. These are the exceptions and will probably remain so. Podcasts may not only reconnect audiences (as seen by CBC in Canada) but may also result in a rise in audited listening, as audiences have access to material at any point in time (rather than at time of transmission or production) and consequently slowly regain the radio habit. However, there still remains a challenge for the reinvention of broadcast radio. Interviewed by ABC Radio in October 2004, Nick Piggot of the GWR (now GCap) Group in the UK said radio stations have some rethinking to do: ‘The main job will still be to produce a radio station that people recognise . . . and is a good listen’ (ABC Radio National, 2004).» (Berry, 2006: 159)
Um novo média «horizontal»
«What Podcasting offers is a classic ‘horizontal’ media form: producers are consumers and consumers become producers and engage in conversations with each other» (Berry, 2006: 146)
Os novos ouvintes impõem novos hábitos (e desafios)
«If old consumers were predictable and stationary, then new consumers are migratory, showing a declining loyalty to networks or even media’ (Jenkins, 2004). This is the real challenge for radio when attempting to communicate with the ‘wirefree’ generation in the converged age. It is time to rethink not only established practices but also our notions of what audiences really want.»
(Berry, 2006: 144)
Sobre a rádio no futuro
O multimédia acaba com a ideia de rádio?
A rádio é acumulação, escuta secundária e portabilidade. E é óbvio que as ferramentas multimédia, associadas à Internet, matam esta ideia de rádio.
Mas poderá continuar a haver canais só de áudio para desempenhar essa função de acumulação ao nível da música.
Contudo esses canais terão menos ouvintes: porque a acumulação tem agora concorrência, porque as ferramentas multimédia oferecem um novo tipo de comportamnento ao utilizador que já não se compadece só com ouvir.
Daí que os telemóveis permitam visualizar
A rádio tal como a conhecemos ficará confinada à rádio de palavra, essa sim insubstituível, à palavra em directo, e a situações de acumulação passiva (correr) em que ou não haja outras opções (iPod, telemóvel) ou em que apeteça ser passivo. Mas essas situações configurarão menos ouvintes, menos dimensão.
Portanto: a rádio como a entendemos não está em causa se:
- for a rádio de palavra (os leitores de mp3 concorrem com a rádio musical):
- enquanto houver gente que não tenha alternativa ou queira ser passiva na escuta de música.
Se no primeiro caso, é de pensar que os ouvintes continuarão a ser os mesmos (ainda que haja mais hipóteses de obter informação ‘em cima da hora’, através da net, a ráido poderá de palavra em directo será insubstituível), já relativamente aos canais de musica, falta saber se o numero de utilizadores garante massa critica que os viabilizem comercialmente (apesar dos baixos custos)
Cuidado com os conteúdos fabricados pelo povo
Conteúdos produzidos pelos utilizadores
«The iPod is an example of how a generation decided to program their own "radio stations" with the music they choose to buy or steal online. And their stations really do have fewer commercials and more music unlike the promises we've made and broken to them for decades.
Broadcasters do what they have always done -- broadcast. When radio programming got more specific in the 70's we used the term narrowcasting to reflect how the broadcasting service had adapted.
But one thing never changed -- broadcasters made all the content decisions. Radio may have flirted with research and focus groups but in the end a PD made the call.
(...) There's a new worldwide study by Nokia, the cellphone manufacturer, about the topic of "circular entertainment" -- that is, content produced, edited, contributed to and adjusted by peer groups. Nokia estimates by 2012 up to 20% of entertainment content will be created, edited and shared within their peer circle rather than coming out of traditional media groups. (Jerry Del Colliano, 22/01/08, Peer-to-Peer Radio )
Broadcasters do what they have always done -- broadcast. When radio programming got more specific in the 70's we used the term narrowcasting to reflect how the broadcasting service had adapted.
But one thing never changed -- broadcasters made all the content decisions. Radio may have flirted with research and focus groups but in the end a PD made the call.
(...) There's a new worldwide study by Nokia, the cellphone manufacturer, about the topic of "circular entertainment" -- that is, content produced, edited, contributed to and adjusted by peer groups. Nokia estimates by 2012 up to 20% of entertainment content will be created, edited and shared within their peer circle rather than coming out of traditional media groups. (Jerry Del Colliano, 22/01/08, Peer-to-Peer Radio )
Programas feitos pelos ouvintes (interactividade)
«As pessoas são a mensagem»
«You also write that “people are the message.”
Absolutely, people are the message. People deliver the message, and they are the message as well. I use the example in the book where I listen to Daily Source Code with Adam Curry, and he kept talking about his great experience flying Virgin Atlantic. He was talking about Virgin because, you know, he’s a human being and he loved the experience. Well, guess what? When I was flying to the UK and thinking about which airline I wanted to fly, I ended up flying Virgin - all because of one person - one person’s not even overt recommendation, but endorsement. I’ve never met this person before, but I trusted him. I just felt like I trusted him. I trusted them because I listen to him regularly. Gee, that sounds pretty familiar. It sounds like the radio business. We trust these people we listen to because of the power of asynchronous intimacy. We build a relationship and rapport with them over time. And that trust almost goes out the window in the radio business when I hear, for example, these Dan Patrick live reads, you know: ”Hey, I’m Dan Patrick and when there’s a snowfall in the …. (Laughter) I use some brand of gloves, or whatever.” And I’m like, “Come on!” It’s ridiculous. People are the message. They’re carriers of the message, but they’re also originators of the message as well. So, you know, there's no ad campaign any more. There’s no start. There’s no end. It's a very fluid picture. There are no more sellers. There’s just life, you know? Life happens. Life is around us. Humanity is around us. Passion and engagement are natural. It doesn’t belong to the media companies, and it doesn’t belong to the brand marketers. It belongs to us, and I think that’s the opportunity.»
fonte: Mark Ramsey, «"Radio, get your head out of the sand" - an interview with marketing guru Joseph Jaffe (Part 2)», Hear2-0, 16/01/08
O streaming pode dar receitas
«NEW YORK -- January 17, 2008: "Can a different revenue stream start and sustain a radio rebound?" asks CL King & Associates analyst Jim Boyle in a note released Thursday. Yes, he says, if radio starts "monetizing the P1 listener."
King notes that radio groups are now making 2 percent-3 percent of their revenues from the Internet, but says, "that hasn't stopped 2007 from being a down year."
He goes on, "So what else is out there? We would strongly recommend that radio look to the second of its two constituencies. Not just its advertiser, its audience!" Boyle says he'd like to see radio offer "small local content and branded items" to P1 fans. "Consumers have become highly trained by eBay, iTunes, Amazon, and others to frequently purchase impulse or planned items via the ease of well-established micropayments," he writes.
He writes, "Radio should establish a second revenue stream or resign itself to being the 'new newspapers.'"»
fonte: «Analyst: Radio Should Look To Listeners To Solve Revenue Woes», Radio ink, 18/1/08
O que a «next generation» quer da rádio: aprofundar, participar
«2. The next generation -- and by extension older Internet users -- prefers to get their news on their terms -- when they want it, where they want it. They don't need someone to broadcast to them any longer. They seek out what they want to read, watch or hear. So instead of waiting for CNN or Fox News Channel to report to them, they research the things that interest them. Therefore, they see many sides of a story not just how news organizations see it. The Fox adage "we report, you decide" could arguably be replaced by "we research, we decide" among Gen Y.
3. Radio owners think that listeners want stations to entertain them. Increasingly young people want to participate in their own entertainment. Mash-ups. User generated content and what I think will be all the rage next -- collaborative user generated content that can be passed around social networks and altered as if it were a Wiki. If I'm right, this sure puts another nail in the radio coffin. Radio stations think they are playing the hits. What fools. Their future listeners want to make their own hits -- with each other.
(...)
6. The Internet business thinks that the holy grail is streaming 24/7. But what if I told them that the next generation can't and won't sit for streams the way older listeners enjoyed, say -- radio. What if the future of the Internet goes way beyond being a radio frequency on steroids. More of a delivery system that everyone has access to -- no FCC, no censorship, no gatekeepers -- and content could be five minutes or 45 minutes. Every day or once a month. Only your imagination would limit you. The next generation demands change because they want to listen when they want to listen -- to what they want to listen to -- for however long they will pay attention. Oh, and they want to be part of it.»
fonte: «Ch-ch-changes», Jerry del Coliano, 10/1/08, Inside Music Media
Controlo, variedade e escolha (CVC em inglês)
«Social networking sites aside, for many, the Internet has become more utilitarian in usage and scope. Some say the Internet functions as the epicenter of online banking, interfacing with schools/jobs/careers, and performing various functions—such as photo sharing, product research, and shopping. Having said that, many rely more and more on news and entertainment sites, video streaming sites such as YouTube, and other resources where they can easily and instantly access content on demand. This integration of control, variety, and choice—or CVC—is an ongoing theme throughout The Bedroom Project interviews. These same attributes make video streaming attractive and popular. Some Bedroomers are regular visitors to TV-network Web sites where they can access programs and/or acquire information about favorite shows»
Os jovens e o telemóvel
«Of all the devices that Bedroomers discuss, the mobile phone emerges as the most revered, the most valued, and the most essential. Respondents were all prescreened for mobile phone ownership, and most use these devices with great frequency and passion. Clearly, they use their phones to do many functions beyond speaking to others, and in this context, texting often leads the way.
5. For most Bedroomers, the mobile phone is the Swiss Army knife of devices, serving simultaneously as a lifeline, fashion statement, photo album, and status symbol, that allows them to express their own unique personalities. Whether it’s the model of the phone itself, its color, customized phone cases, ringtones, wallpaper, or other attributes, the mobile phone is a device they’ve mastered. It also is a device that has cross-gender appeal. Down the road, they expect even more from mobile phone technology, and many are planning for their next device. There is acknowledgement that the future will be shaped by mobile phone improvements— greater portability, smaller size, and extensive integration. Many essentially describe the iPhone, before it came out. Video is also a desired future mobile phone feature, including improved cameras. And content creation is part of the mobile phone wave, as some respondents use these portable devices to interface with social networking sites.
6. Many are “cell phone only,” and these Bedroomers openly question why they need both a landline and mobile phone. While a number live in homes that have landlines, they are often quick to point out that these traditional phones are used by others in the household. Many associate landlines with their parents, and indicate they do not personally interact with these phones. Clearly, this cell-phone-only situation among this demographic, in particular, is a tough challenge for researchers. (More on this in the research section of this executive summary.)»
Jovens multifunções (multitasking)
«Bedroomers are immersed in media and technology. Most seem to be always connected to something, and they frequently multitask (some do so even while driving). While many aren’t tech-savvy per se, they acknowledge growing up with technology. Most revel in the wide array of media/technology choice and advancements available to them, and there’s a sense they’re living in truly interesting times».
Criar conteúdos para os telemóveis
« (...) almost everyone has a cell phone whether they can afford it or not.
I strongly believe that the mobile device will be the delivery system for content -- someday for music when the copyright issues are worked out -- and just about everything else from short videos to movies.
If I'm reading it right this a wonderful opportunity for record labels to satisfy the desire of the next generation to access more variety. Now, can they work out the remaining DRM issues and be the solution for this generation's boredom with their iPods?
Radio companies have an opportunity to create content for mobile devices. I know it's a bitter pill to swallow after spending billions of dollars to own terrestrial radio stations but the Internet is the new transmitter and the cell phone is the new receiver.
This generation is definitely not bored with their cell phones. They are attached to them permanently. I kid my USC students that someday when a new baby is born there will be an obstetrician and pediatrician, the parents, a psychologist and a lawyer to no doubt handle their RIAA lawsuits when they get older. I also say that I can see the day when a chip will be implanted in every new baby's head so they can receive signals, hear music and be on the GPS of life.
I'm kidding. I think.
They're not sure either.
One thing is for sure -- something is going on worth further study. The iPod is getting long in the tooth. It's still better than a radio to most but it's clearly not going to be enough to command the restless Gen Y.
It's too early to jump to conclusions, but times they are a changin' in the mobile space.
For the beleaguered radio and record industries -- it means opportunity if they will listen with an open mind.
If not, Steve Jobs will continue to satisfy their need for new content.
Which way do you want it?»
fonte «The iPod Is Vulnerable», Jerry del coliano, Inside Music Media, 18/12/07
Por que é que as pessoas não querem pagar pela rádio
«According to data released by Digital Music News and media tracking firm BigChampagne, one-third of all PCs worldwide have LimeWire installed. For those who are among the other two-thirds, LimeWire is the top P2P file sharing software - the iTunes of "stealing" music so to speak. Usage comes in at exactly 36.4% of all PCs according to the survey, and of course its the target of a multi-year RIAA lawsuit (no doubt a side effect of its popularity). So if people aren't willing to pay for music (afterall, music will be free eventually), it's no surprise that many aren't willing to pay for radio either. For most, "radio" goes hand-in-hand with "music," even if it is far more than a simple playlist. The challenge is to convey that.» (fonte: ORBICAST, «One reason why people aren't willing to pay for radio», 23/12/07)