As redes sociais podem ser um bom negócio

“Music also becomes part of environment where you can meet like-minded people”. They all have a connection, which makes it interesting for targeting advertising. So companies can sponsor a music community and effectively reach the right group of people.” Moreover, Leonhard point out an interesting difference with today’s advertising: “Consumers skip television ads, but they will listen to a sponsor message when they get free music in return”.

Ernst-Jan Pfauth Leonhard: “Streaming music is the new radio”, The Nextweb.com 7/06/08

Para quê fazer o download se o streaming tem tudo?

«“Kids now only listen to music, they don’t download it’, Leonhard said. “Access has become an important factor. People want to listen to music on their mobile. Developments like Wifi, 4G, iPhone’s, fancy Nokia’s turn streaming music into the new radio”. This shift requires new business models, as even fewer people than now will want to pay for music. “The new business model is selling stuff around music. Tickets, merchandising, posters, books, things like that.”» fonte: Ernst-Jan Pfauth Leonhard: “Streaming music is the new radio”, The Nextweb.com 7/06/08

Dentro de 10 anos todos os meios serão distribuídos pela net

«What is your outlook for the future of media?

STEVE BALMER: In the next 10 years, the whole world of media, communications and advertising are going to be turned upside down -- my opinion. Here are the premises I have. Number one, there will be no media consumption left in 10 years that is not delivered over an IP network. There will be no newspapers, no magazines that are delivered in paper form. Everything gets delivered in an electronic form.

10 years?

Yeah. If it's 14 or if it's 8, it's immaterial to my fundamental point. . . . If we want TV to be more interactive, you'll deliver it over an IP network. I mean, it's sort of funny today. My son will stay up all night basically playing Xbox Live with friends that are in various parts of the world, and yet I can't sit there in front of the TV and have the same kind of a social interaction around my favorite basketball game or golf match. It's just because one of these things is delivered over an IP network and the other is not. . . . Also in the world of 10 years from now, there are going to be far more producers of content than exist today. We've already started to see that certainly in the online world, but we've just scratched the surface. . . . I always take my favorite case: I grew up in Detroit. I went to a place called Detroit Country Day School. They've got a great basketball team. Why can't I sit in front of my television and watch the Country Day basketball game when I know darn well it's being video-recorded at all times? It's there. It's just not easy to navigate to.

(...) Will Internet content generally be available for free, with ad support, or will there largely be fees and subscriptions?

I think there will be some things people subscribe to on the Internet, but I think that's going be more the exception than the rule. My favorite TV program, "Lost," I watch on the Internet now. I don't DVR it, I just watch it on the Internet.

You don't buy it from iTunes to avoid the ads that come when you get it for free over the Internet? Why? Because it's free. . . . I have to admit that I'm annoyed by the four 20 seconds [of ads], but not annoyed enough to pay a buck . . . I think at the end of the day most people say, "Heck, if I can get something that's pretty good that's ad-funded and the ads don't kill me, I'll take that over the thing I gotta pay for."»

fonte: WHORISKEY, Peter, «Microsoft's Ballmer on Yahoo and the Future» Washington Post, 5/06/08;

Para consultar as audiências nos EUA (como é diferente da Marktest...)

http://wargod.arbitron.com/scripts/ndb/ndbradio2.asp

(5.0 intr) Reinventa-se ou evolui

É possivel perceber duas opções para a rádio, que já existe ou que possa vir a existir:

- reinventa-se e deixa de ser rádio (é outra coisa; isto pode aplicar-se aqueles que não estando no negócio da rádio, partem desse universo, a música, e até demonstram alguma ligação, como a Pandora ou a Last.fm)

- evolui e adapta-se aos novos desafios, mantendo-se como rádio (embora com uma multiplicidade de serviços que, alguns deles já não têm nada a ver com a origem); ainda assim, haverá o fluxo único destinado a muitos

Relativamente aos utilizadores, será possível considerar quatro níveis genéricos de participação (quer na lógica de reinvenção quer na de evolução):

- nulo (consumo passivo)

- mínimo (interactividade a vários niveis)

- médio (seleccionar/escolher, personalizar)

- máximo (produzir conteúdos para colocar online e partilhar)

Para compreender as opções e a validade deste trabalho

Quando se fala - em termos de grandes objectivos deste trabalho - numa caracterização daquilo que será a rádio do futuro, partindo essencialmente daquele que é o comportamento (ou os comportamentos) da presente geração iPod, é evidente que estamos a assumir riscos e que, nomeadamente, não podemos pensar numa replicação pura e simples (é sabido que o contacto com a rádio de palavra aumenta à medida em que se envelhece). Teremos, pois, em conta a necessária relativização e nunca afirmaremos que estamos perante uma verdadeira caracterização. Essa far-se-á, com rigor, depois, daqui a alguns anos com estudos, (qualitativos, conferindo os serviços oferecidos pelos operadores, e quantitivos, medinod o impacto) mas será que estamos condenados a esperar para saber o que vai acontecer? será que não podemos tentar antecipar, até para nos guiar e, assim, compreendermos melhor o que já está a acontecer? Este trabalho procura responder a essa inquietação, não se resignando, procurando - dentro dos limites, possibilidades e alcances de um trabalho com estas caracteristicas - intervir.

(5.0 intr) Da geração iPod para as novas tendências da rádio

A caracterização daquilo que será a rádio do futuro - pelo menos na proxima decada - parte, como se assumiu desde ol principio, daquele que é o comportamento (ou os comportamentos) da geração iPod. É evidente que não podemos pensar numa replicação pura e simples, até porque é sabido que o contacto com a rádio de palavra aumenta à medida em que se envelhece, mas também não faz sentido pensar que estes utilizadores vão esquecer-se do que fizeram antes ou perder hábitos adquiridos e enraízados. isso não faria qualquer sentido. Como se verá adiante, a rádio continua a ser popular, nomeadamente à medida em que falamos de gerações mais velhas, que nasceram sem digitalização e relativamente a ela demonstram insegurança. mas estas gerações serão substituidas, não por gerações com o mesmo comportamento, mas já digitalizadas.

em resumo, alguma relativização faz todo o sentido, até porque uma verdadeira caracterização far-se-á depois, com estudos, e não antes, mas é seguro apontar novos hábitos e tendências resultantes do comportamento da geração iPod. 

Para uma tentativa de categorização dos sites de musica

«Streaming music is a popular alternative to the pay-per-download and subscription services.  Streaming music allows site users to listen to music for free without actually owning the source of the song, like listening to a radio station.  There are quite a few websites where visitors can stream music for free.  Radio stations all over the US stream their broadcasts online.  Other sites like Pandora, for example, provide visitors with radio stations customized with music by artists they like as well as music that has a related sound.  If a song plays that a listener doesn’t like, then you can give it a thumbs down and you won’t have to hear that song, or any other like it, again.  Also, you can create as many stations as you want—all for free, with no advertisements! The Evolution of Digital Music On Demand   Mary Sekerak  28/04/08

 

O impacto das redes sociais nos jovens

Continua a aumentar o numero dos que usam redes sociais

«US Internet users ages 10 to 15 flocked to social networks last year as if getting a MySpace account would increase their allowances. Harris Interactive said in its April 2008 issue of Youth Trends that more than half of US girls ages 13 to 15 used social networking Web sites in 2007, roughly the same as in 2006. Social networking jumped among other boys and girls surveyed: more than twice as many children ages 10 to 12 reported using social networking sites in 2007 as did in 2006.»

fonte: Teen Social Networking Still Growing eMarketeer, MAY 1, 2008

Ouvintes e as redes sociais

«About 33 million Americans 12+ listen to an Internet station in an average week. That’s four million more than a year ago according to the annual “Infinite Dial” study by Arbitron and Edison Media Research. About two-thirds of online radio listeners have a profile on a social networking website. The most popular sites are MySpace and Linked-In.»

Online listeners tap into social networks, Inside Radio, 18/03/08

Online Radio Reaches 33 Million Americans Per Week

 

Metade dos jovens britânicos têm perfil social

«(...) Most sites, such as Bebo, MySpace and Facebook, set a minimum age of between 13 and 14 to create a profile but none actively enforce the age limit. Ofcom's survey of 5,000 adults and 3,000 children found 49% of those aged between eight and 17 have a profile. (...) "Social networks are clearly a very important part of people's lives and are having an impact on how people live their lives," said James Thickett, director of market research at Ofcom. He added: "Children's lives are very different from what they were 20 years ago. Social networks are a way of creating a social bond." (...) The three leading social networks, MySpace, Bebo and Facebook, all say they remove profiles of users that are found to be too young on their sites.»

fonte: Children flock to social networks, 2/'4/08, By Darren Waters BBC News website

O estudo da OFCOM: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/02_04_08_ofcom.pdf

Mais de 4 mil estações de rádio num aparelho; como controlar a escolha?

«From today Orange will be selling its LiveRadio device, which connects to a home broadband line and allows consumers to listen to up to 4,000 internet radio stations.» (Wray, Richard, «Orange turns to internet radio in fight with rivals», The Guardian, 19/05/08) 4 mil? como se controla o excesso de escolha, como se agiliza a consulta com tanta oferta? Muito mais num display como o telemovel? Mais uma vez: escolha e controlo são coisas diferentes

A rádio continua a ser popular

«

Um estudo sobre o universo geral de ouvintes ~(e não os mais jovens):

«Despite the wide popularity of portable music sources, consumers prefer to listen to some form of radio more than MP3 players and CDs, according to a new survey. A total of 560 respondents spend 16,814 hours per week listening to audio entertainment. Thirty-nine percent of that time is spent on FM radio, followed by 23 percent on MP3 players / iPods and 18 percent on CDs, to round out the top three audio sources. In an age of portable media devices like the iPod, individuals still satisfy their audio cravings with the longest-standing format, radio. The findings were a result of a survey commissioned by sonoro audio, manufacturer of distinctive, high-quality audio products. Collectively, 57 percent of the time is spent listening to some form of radio, AM, FM or Internet. Internet radio alone is becoming a premier audio medium for US consumers. (...) "Even with the advent of MP3 players, consumers are still largely turning to radio for their music needs as it is easily accessible and free," said Marcell Faller, founder and CEO of sonoro audio. "However, consumers’ expanding, elaborate music libraries have created a demand for all-in-one audio systems that let them integrate the functionality of MP3 players, CDs and radio in a single compact device." »

fonte: MarketWire.com, «Radio Still Number One Music Source Over MP3 Players, CDs» 19/05/08

O iPod veio mostrar que podem pagar

«The combination of a fashion accessory (iPod) with cheap and user-friendly downloads (iTunes) has already persuaded the web generation to buy music that they had previously enjoyed free» (BLACKHURST, 2006: 59 

A importância da publicidade (e a opção pelo pagamento)

«Simon Waldman, Guardian director of digital publishing, says: “Over the last year there has been a wave of spectacular growth in online advertising. Charging for content is less of a critical success factor than two or three years ago. This really is an advertising market now.”» (BLACKHURST, 2006: 55 

Uma atitude pós-moderna relativamente ao conteúdo (à originalidade)

«A generation reared on the web and TV broadcast news – where second-hand information constantly circulates – have a very post-modern attitude to the originality of content. They are more interested in a précis of the top 20 stories of the day than they are in applauding exclusives» (BLACKHURST, 2006: 55 

Apenas 3% dos jovens norte-americanos lêem jornais

«According to a survey by the Online Publishers Association of America, only 3 per cent of American 16- to 24-year-olds see newspapers as their first or second choice of media» (BLACKHURST, 2006: 53) 

«With billions of facts just a double click away, the media can no longer assume that young readers will turn to newspapers at all – even if they’re free» (58)

BLACKHURST, Rob (2006), The freeloading generation, British Journalism Review; 16; 53-59

Lembrar Adorno, a propósito do ouvinte/consumidor de mp3

«The mp3 fetishizes and makes use of the imperfections of healthy hearing while presuming a so-called normal listening situation. The ideal listener implied by the mp3’s psychoacoustic coding is Theodor Adorno’s nightmare: the ‘distracted’ consumer of mass culture (2002[1938], 1993[1945]). In a media-saturated environment, portability and ease of acquisition trumps monomaniacal attention» (Sterne, 2006: 836)

As pessoas acumulam a música; a tecnologia potencia isso

«We must not forget that music remains a very unique commodity; to take on meaning, it requires an incompressible lapse of time, that of its own duration. Thus the gramophone, conceived as a recorder to stockpile time, became instead its principle user. Conceived as a word preserver, it became a sound diffuser. The major contradiction of repetition is evident here: people must devote their time to producing the means to buy recordings of other people’s time, losing in the process not only the use of their time, but also the time required to use other people’s time. Stockpiling thus becomes a substitute, not a preliminary condition, for use. People buy more records than they can listen to. They stockpile what they want to find the time to hear. Use-time and exchange-time destroy one another. ([Jacques] Attali, 1985: 101; emphasis in original) (in STERNE, 2006: 830)

Coleccionar e a relação íntima: via walter benjamin «‘For a collector,’ wrote Walter Benjamin, ‘ownership is the most intimate relationship that one can have to objects’ (1968[1936]: 67). That one can collect mp3s suggests that they appear to users as cultural objects, even if they are not, in any conventional sense, physical objects that can be held in a person’s hand» (sterne, 2006: 831)

mp3 pouco estudado

« (...) it is surprising how little of the common sense of technology studies has been applied to mp3s» (Sterne, 2006: 826).

STERNE, Jonathan (2006), The mp3 as cultural artifact, New Media & Society, 8, 825-842