«From its inception, radio has been challenged by a number of innovative technologies, each drawing listeners and forcing radio to update its programming in order to remain a competitive media option. The radio industry has been successful in adaptin to various forces throughout its history in order to remain successful (Albarran, 2002). Arguably, television was the first competitor in the mid-twentieth century and responded with new music formats to replace programs shifting to TV. The 1960s brought the debut of the stereo FM, forcing AM radio to embrace more talk-oriented and niche programming. As eight-tracks, cassettes and compac t discs began to diffuse, they offered alternatives in the automobile  to radio. With the introduction of Internet or streaming radio, satellite radio, and MP3s and other digital file formats  with the multi-source compatibility of these new technologies, radio is currently experiencing yet another challenge-one that shifts the way in which radio is talked about and how it is used» (Albarran et al, 2007: 92)