«1 - I can hear RABRadio on my laptop. I’m getting the audio content over the Internet as opposed to a broadcast signal;

2- With this IP Radio from Assus, I don’t need my laptop to listen to a local Atlanta Radio station. And once again, it is delivered via the Internet. (...) Many IP Radios are wireless, so you don’t even need to have an Internet connection in the room. It certainly makes it a lot easier for the listener to get the content they want, when they want it, and where they want it.

3 - (...) Today, it’s the MP3 Player. For Apple’s iPods, this Radio Remote accessory allows FM listening, and the most popular accessory that Apple sells.

4 - (...) The long term success of an MP3 player requires that users continue to source and use new music. Without new music the player becomes stale and irrelevant – relegating the MP3 to just one more fad. FM Radio will definitely drive the success of the MP3 player.

5 Revenue opportunities also exist with Radio to display text-messaging. This feature is quickly moving beyond artist and title information and is poised to deliver advertiser content, including location-based messages and GPS services. This DUAL Radio features MSN® Direct HD, providing personalized and localized text content on the display screen.

6 (...) HD Radio is expanding its in-vehicle presence and is available as a factory-installed unit in BMW, MINI Cooper, Hyundai, and by 2009 in all Ford vehicles. iTunes Tagging has made the buy button a reality. Listeners tag the songs they want and when they connect their iPods to their computers, there is a seamless transition to the purchase process. So, hearing music over the air I hit the tag button and I have the option to buy.

8 - (...) There are over 200 million mobile phones in the U.S., representing nearly 80 percent of the population. This Nokia mobile phone comes with a built-in FM Radio receiver. Again, if Radio were available on every mobile phone, what would that do to drive our business forward?»

RAB State of the Radio Industry – February 12, 2008 at RAB2008 in Atlanta Jeff Haley, 2008.

«Two major aspects of this initiative include the goal of having a radio receiver included in every personal electronic consumer device, and an effort to improve radio programming in the future.»

fonte: «RAB Announces Radio 2020 Initiative», RadioMagazine online, 27/07/07

Mais:

«Listeners don't care how accessible radio is. Listeners don't care that it's ubiquitous. Listeners don't care that radio has towers, spectrum, transmitters, contours, satellites, repeaters, buffers or anything for that matter. Telling the listener about distribution means nothing. Because they don't care. What listeners care about is content. They want to turn on a device - be it a radio, a satellite radio, an iPod, their cellphone, whatever - and listen to something on their drive to work. Or hear something in the background while working on the job site. Or rev them up while they're cranking away behind a computer at work. Or laugh during the drive home after a crazy day at work. Rehr concluded by saying that Radio 2020 will, "give ammunition to radio's loyalists" as they respond to industry critics. He told NAB Radio Show attendees, "We need you to be evangelical about Radio 2020 and talk to as many people as possible. Repeat it to yourself, to your colleagues, and to your family." How about this? How about instead of drinking the NAB Kool-aid, and repeating "2020 2020 2020" to everyone in some cult-mania mantra... why not just do it instead? If "Radio 2020" is going to be some revolution in radio - which, let's face it, is a direct response to the fragmenting of media from satellite radio, internet radio, iPods, mobile audio, etc - then start acting on it, and stop talking about it.  If broadcast TV stations can survive cable (and even thrive amid 600 other channels), then radio can too... they just need to give a reason to do so» (fonte: «Radio 2020, and the future of "radio" Orbicast, September 28, 2007

Se não houver um canal/uma plataforma de distribuição (como o FM ou DAB) a rádio não existirá: 

«Without a dedicated transmission network, radio may risk being subsumed by other platforms dominated by television or other services. Radio broadcasts may lose prominence if offered as a supplementary service by aggregators controlling the menus, EPGs, and technical parameters of transmission.» 

fonte: Public Radio in Europe, Conclusions and Outlook, EBU/UER, Junho 2007, pág 2

Falta saber qual será esse modelo:

«Radio in the future is a multiplatform phenomenon. Radio will be available on a wide range of technical devices, from racks and hifi’s over stand alones and portables to handheld and pocket receivers. Everything digital - from television and computers to cell phones, mobiles and PDA’s, will be able to carry sound and thus radio along.• From one-standard to many-standards: There will be no single, winning standard for digital radio. DAB/DMB, DRM, DVB all have their strengths and weaknesses, which will make more of them co-exist. Manufacturers will secure dual, triple and eventually multi-standard radio sets for the consumers. And the consumers will not have to navigate through a jungle of frequencies or abbreviations, as the tuners will have easy-to-navigate browsers on displays with the station brands»  

fonte: «Public Radio in Europe, Conclusions and Outlook, EBU/UER, Junho 2007, pág 6

Ala-Fossi recorre às categorias criadas por Henderson and Clark  (incremental, modular, architectural and radical innovations) para descrever o que está a acontecer à rádio [«Architectural Innovation: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms», Administrative Science Quarterly 1990]

«Despite its obvious limitations, technology assessment approach offers us some very useful conceptual tools. Because all innovations resulting technological development are not similar, technology assessment categorizes them according to two main dimensions. First, how much the technologies in the new innovation differ from the existing technologies and second, how much the configuration of the technologies in the new innovation differs from the present configurations. In this way, all the innovations can be categorized in to four types. Incremental innovations are for example small improvements of the existing products, while modular innovation will mean that the innovation will totally change certain parts, but they can still be integrated to the original product. Architectural innovations are mostly about combining already existing elements in a new way, while radical innovation means simultaneous development of new technologies and creating new configurations or combinations of these technologies. (Mäkinen & Nokelainen 2003, 25-27) With a similar categorization it is possible to evaluate also the new technologies for digital audio delivery in relation to the traditional radio broadcasting and to each other.» (ALa-Fossi, 2005:3)

A autora espanhola Montse Bonet, a partir das notas de Ala Fossi, criou o seguinte quadro:

Era um dos casos mais interessantes da rádio de palavra nos Estados Unidos, mas revelou-se um fracasso a experiência de trazer os jornalistas do Washington Post para a rádio. Vai fechar.
«WASHINGTON - Washington Post Radio, a station that featured in-depth discussions with The Washington Post’s editors and reporters about the day’s news, is going off the air next month after failing to attract enough listeners during its 17-month run, the newspaper reported Tuesday.
WTWP, which broadcasts in the Washington region on 1500 AM, 820 AM and 107.7 FM, is owned by Salt Lake City-based Bonneville International Corp. Bonneville paid an annual fee to the Post for access to its journalists and for the use of the newspaper’s name. The Post had no direct financial investment in the station. (...) When WTWP debuted in March 2006, the station’s backers said it would be like "NPR on caffeine" - but the station failed to catch on with listeners. During the recent spring ratings period, WTWP finished tied for 18th place in the Washington area, with an average of 1.2 percent of the audience, according to Arbitron (nyse: ARB - news - people ).
While many advertisers were satisfied with the results the station generated, we just did not garner the Arbitron ratings we had hoped for," said Joel Oxley, senior vice president and market manager of Bonneville’s Washington operations.»
fonte: «Washington Post Radio Ending Broadcasts», Associated Press 28/08/07

O comentário de Leslie Stimson: «(...)While an interesting experiment, I’ve got to wonder if the Post reporters received broadcast training, and if they did, what kind, exactly? Some of the “Posties” were good on the air while others sounded uncomfortable. Writing for the “eye” vs. for the “ear” — and being comfortable with the needs of each medium — is different. (...) I’m not saying these were the things going on at “WAPO,” but there’s a lesson in both examples: Radio and print are different in both reporting and presentation. It takes time for someone comfortable working in one medium to achieve that same comfort level and professional expertise in the other. Who knows? Maybe with the proper training and unending financial resources, the idea could have worked. But the outcome of the Post/Bonneville experiment is a cautionary lesson for any “old media” types who are dreaming about such alliances to help them fight more effectively in the “new media” world.» fonte: «Death of ‘WAPO’ Points to Differences Between Radio, Print», Leslie Stimson, 5/09/07  

A Ofcom, britânica, já começou a discussão:

«Current trends suggest that 90% of all radio listening will be via digital platforms by 2017. At present, there are no plans to switch-off analogue (FM and AM) radio. Ofcom’s consultation seeks views on changes which could free-up spectrum, currently used by analogue radio services, at an appropriate time in the future.
Existing analogue commercial radio licences will expire between 2009 and 2027, depending upon the date of issue. Under current legislation, these licences would be re-advertised. However, in the future this spectrum might be better used for other services such as mobile television, more digital radio, more community radio services or other new technologies.
To avoid the possibility of inefficient spectrum use, Ofcom believes that Government and Parliament may wish to consider how to allow Ofcom to achieve common end-dates for all FM and AM licences. This will be a key question as digital radio listening continues to grow. Ofcom’s consultation sets out a suggested approach for achieving common end-dates, which includes extending existing licences for an indefinite period; making any licences extended in this way subject to two years’ notice of termination; and removing the automatic renewal for analogue licences whose holders are also offering a DAB service on a relevant radio multiplex.
In addition, Ofcom proposes two separate reviews of all analogue radio services - the AM (Medium Wave) spectrum in 2009; and the FM spectrum in 2012 or when digital listening accounts for 50% of all listening. Both reviews would consider future use of analogue spectrum and set common end-dates for existing services (commercial and BBC). These reviews would include a full assessment of the costs and benefits, taking into account the needs of consumers, including the most vulnerable members of society»

fonte: «Views on radio wanted» Radiotoday.com, 17/04/07

The best projects were transmitted live yesterday by Radio Rietveld, a temporary radio station broadcasting directly from the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam. If you missed that chance, don’t worry, because you can still build your own micro transmitter to broadcast your podcast directly from your iPod.

The workshop was centered in had speakers like the media designer Lotte Meijer, who developed the Broadcast-Your-Podcast and Wifio projects. Her work and research shows that you can always create something new, even in an old media like radio. Among the other speakers were Klaas Kuitenbrouwer, programmer of the former Radio 100, Radio Patapoe and VPRO, and the girls from Cut-n-Paste, which presented their innovative radio projects LoveControl, Teletap and CallCenter that mixes podcast, broadcast and mobile phones in unexpected ways. With initiatives like this, I’m sure radio has still a long way to go.

Find out more about Broadcast-Your-Podcast and the Radio-To-Go workshop. Found via Bright.»

fonte: «Radio-to-Go, a Workshop on the Future of Radio» 16/02/07

Aqui está uma frase que por agora pode parecer estranha mas que se tornará banal:

«Not enough favorite songs on radio? Start own station»

Esta notícia conta a história de alguém que se cansou de não conseguir ouvir as músicas de que gosta na rádio e criou uma estação para si e para outros (não apenas na net mas também através de uma frequência de FM de 5 mil watts, que mesmo assim chega a mais de um milhão de pessoas). Algumas frases relevantes:

«"Their play lists are so limited," he said. "Did you realize Led Zeppelin has more than three songs? Everyone I talked to was just sick of it. The music is just not being played anymore and there are a lot of baby boomers out there." So he struggled through red tape with the Federal Communications Commission for 7½ years for permission to start his own radio station. In August, after countless headaches and spending about $70,000 of his own money, he won that right. The reward: playing his beloved golden oldies all day long. He estimates that ClassX, his new radio frequency at WMWX-FM 88.9 and on the Web at www.classxradio.com, reaches thousands of listeners daily. (...) He continuously builds the playlist and hopes to reach 20,000 songs in another year. By then, he also would like to move the radio studio to the west side of Hamilton County, where the signal is the strongest. The station's 225-foot-tall antennae is located 30 miles away in St. Leon, Ind. It has the potential to reach 1.8 million people with a 5,000-watt signal that reaches northern Kentucky to the south, Liberty Township and Blue Ash to the east, Franklin to the north and Batesville, Ind., to the west. But he estimates he reaches the most listeners by steaming audio through the Internet.»

fonte: The Enquirer, «Not enough favorite songs on radio? Start own station», 24/12/06, JENNIFER BAKER

Etiquetas: Internet, playlists

«Clear Channel Radio recently unveiled niche programming initiatives that will take advantage of both online and HD formats. The initial targeted content plays will be catered towards auto racing fans and the gay and lesbian communities. Early advertising interest has come from big-name brands like American Express, AOL, and New Line Cinema, and other targeted plays are scheduled to follow. "Our listeners represent a wide range of lifestyles and interests, and they expect content on their terms," said Evan Harrison, executive vice president of Clear Channel Radio. The auto racing initiative, called Race Day, includes NASCAR-related news, stats, schedules, exclusive photos, and behind-the-scenes information. The concept, which is tied into a Fox terrestrial radio station and companion website, will feature online, podcast, and streaming radio content. (...) In a similar fashion, Clear Channel is also spinning Pride On Demand, an initiative that will be programmed by members of the gay and lesbian community. (...) Pride On Demandis currently accessible on-demand or via streaming formats within 12 markets, and a number of HD2 multicasts will carry the show in Chicago, Hartford, Miami and West Palm Beach.»

fonte: «Clear Channel Spins Niche, Multi-Format Programming», Digital Music News

Etiquetas: Clear, Channel, podcast, HD2, ondemand

«It must be almost embarrassing to be a Canadian radio boss these days. As newspapers endure steep declines in readership and circulation and as conventional TV broadcasters face rising competition from specialty channels and the Internet, Canadian private radio -- the home of mediocre music, hot-blooded talk and crass jingles -- is prospering as never before. The trends are as solid as a classic rock play list: Nineteen of 20 Canadian adults listened to radio on a weekly basis last year, for a total of 532 million hours, the same number as in 2000. Advertising revenue for private radio hit $1.33-billion in 2005, and revenues are up 5.8% annually in the last decade. The bottom line is even better: Last year, private radio earned a cumulative 21 cents on the dollar before tax and interest -- 3.5 times the level in 1995. Advertisers who have in the past shunned radio now realize it is the one mass medium that has held its own on a local level amid the arrival of new technologies. (...)»

fonte: «Private radio keeps on trucking», National Post, Sean Silcoff, Thursday, December 07, 2006

«RadioSherpa é um projecto que está a desenvolver-se em Boston e pretende alargar-se às restantes cidades dos Estados Unidos. Trata-se de um serviço que mostra ao utilizador a música que está, no momento a tocar nas diferentes estações de rádio, permitindo escutar e descarregar mediante pagamento a música em questão, apresentando ainda informações sobre o disco e o artista. Interessante....» (Net FM)

«No more having to guess which station to listen to or where to even find the Internet stream. Better yet, you don't have to wait for the station stream to load only to find out that the song sucks. By showing you what is on you will never be disappointed. If you sign up for a MySherpa account, we can even TELL YOU when one of your favorites is on the air! This is even better than presets in your car. »

Etiquetas: internet

Eis um exemplo interessante de resposta da rádio tradicional (pela capacidade de resposta, de adaptação, de agilização): só música de Natal um mês antes do data. E as audiências mostram que é um sucesso:

«(...) The temporary holiday format for WLIT, which began five years ago, catapults the popular station in the ratings every year. Vice President of Programming Darren Davis estimates WLIT is the No. 1 rated station in December and holds 30 percent of the female listening audience. According to the Arbitron ratings service, last December WLIT had 1.3 million listeners, nearly 17 percent of the listening audience, in the Chicago area. (...) According to Edison Media Research, last year 119 stations went to an all-Christmas music format and on average attracted 10 percent more audience. The format, which began in the mid-90s on adult contemporary formatted stations like WLIT, consisted of playing Christmas music in a 24-hour rotation only near Christmas Eve. But the audience demand became too strong for programming directors to ignore, and now the cheerful music can be heard weeks before Thanksgiving. WLIT began playing its catalog of holiday music on Nov. 2. While some critics say this is way too early, Davis said the time was just right. "It began snowing, and I knew that was the day," he said.»

fonte: «Radio stations follow fa-la-la format, JACKIE KEENAN, Medill News Service, nwitimes.com on Saturday, December 2, 2006 12:30 AM CST

Conclusões a partir do estudo «Bilan annuel de la Radio et nouveaux modes d’écoute», 10/11/06, Mediametrie, Communique de presse:

«Médiamétrie a réalisé cette année son enquête sur L’Equipement Radio*, qui révèle notamment l’émergence des nouveaux modes de réception des programmes Radio :

- Le baladeur MP3 recevant la radio : plus d’1 personne sur 10 âgée de 13 ans et plus (10,9%) possède ce genre d’équipement.
- Les téléphones mobiles recevant la Radio : 8,4% des 13 ans et plus ont accès dans leur foyer à un téléphone mobile recevant la radio.
- Les téléviseurs permettant de recevoir la Radio via une offre élargie comme le câble, le satellite ou certains abonnements ADSL : 1 personne sur 4 (25,4 % de la population âgée de 13 ans et plus) a la possibilité d’écouter la radio à domicile via la télévision.
- L’ordinateur connecté à Internet : L’écoute à domicile de la radio sur un ordinateur via Internet est possible pour 43,2 % des 13 ans et plus.

L’écoute de la radio en direct sur Internet se développe : 17,8% des 13 ans et plus ont déjà pratiqué cette écoute tous lieux confondus que ce soit à domicile, au travail, chez des amis…
Ce phénomène concerne en particulier les 13-24 ans (28,7%), les 25-34 ans (26,5%), les CSP+ (27,5%) et les personnes ayant fait des études supérieures ( plus de 32%).
L’audience issue de ces nouveaux usages est prise en compte dans l’étude de référence de la radio, la 126 000 Radio.


L’écoute de la radio en différé via Internet - en streaming ou podcasting - est moins pratiquée : 8,3% ont écouté une émission de radio en différé sur Internet quel que soit le lieu. Là encore, il s’agit principalement de CSP + (13,8%) et de personnes ayant un niveau d’études au moins Bac+3 (23,2%).

Le podcasting, qui a réellement démarré en France dans le courant de l’année 2005, avait été utilisé au moins une fois en mars 2006 par 2,8% des 13 ans et plus. Les « Bac+3 et plus » (10,8%) et les CSP+ (5,8%) sont les principaux utilisateurs de cette innovation.

Rappelons que l’écoute de la radio via Internet peut s’effectuer de deux façons :

-en streaming, les internautes peuvent écouter une radio en direct ou en différé. Ce principe permet d’écouter un contenu audio (ou vidéo) sans le télécharger ou le stocker. Il se différencie ainsi de la diffusion par téléchargement qui nécessite de récupérer l'ensemble des données d’un son avant de pouvoir l'écouter. Médiamétrie-eStat, la filiale de Médamétrie spécialisée dans la mesure de fréquentation des sites internet, a mis au point et propose une solution technique de mesure des flux audio et vidéo online. Cette solution, développée avec l’appui des principaux acteurs français du streaming, enregistre tout changement de l’état du flux streamé en lecture, en pause et en avance rapide pour fournir 3 grands indicateurs : la lecture du flux, la durée de lecture et le nombre de lectures.
-le podcasting permet aux internautes, sur abonnement, d'automatiser le téléchargement d'émissions audio (ou vidéo), notamment pour leur baladeur numérique, sur le disque dur de leur ordinateur personnel, pour une écoute immédiate ou ultérieure.

* Equipement Radio 2006 : Le dispositif de l'Equipement Radio 2006 repose sur les interviews "face à face"
menées dans le cadre de la REM (Référence des Equipements Multimédia), auprès de 2 176 personnes
représentatives de la population française âgée de 13 ans et plus.
La Référence des Équipements Multimédia est réalisée conjointement avec GfK, pour obtenir, grâce à une
enquête trimestrielle en face-à-face auprès d'un total de 22 000 foyers par an, une vision globale et évolutive
du parc multimédia des foyers : équipements audiovisuels, téléphoniques, micro-informatiques et de l'accès
Internet.

Etiquetas: mp3, LAD, telemóveis, Internet, podcasting, streaming

« Katz Radio Group has announced the creation of Katz Mobile, a new division of the company dedicated to adding text messaging options and other cell phone-related options into radio. (…) “The synergy of our broadcast media and mobile messaging is very powerful. It allows consumers to respond immediately and directly to the marketing messages of advertisers while providing marketers with tangible real time results of their campaigns,” Jackson said in a statement. “Mobile Messaging has become the fastest growing communications medium in the country,” added Katz President Mark Gray. “By partnering radio with mobile messages we believe we can increase revenues for our client stations. Dennis is an expert on the mobile messaging industry and he will work with our advertisers to make mobile a part of their future campaigns.”

De acordo com a sondagem da Bloomberg e publicada pelo LA Times, é falso que a Internet e a MTV sejam os mais fortes influenciadores da música que os jovens compram: «57 por cento dos jovens disseram que primeiro ouvem músicas novas na rádio. Pelo menos 3 em cada 10 inquiridos descobriram músicas novas vendo um vídeo na televisão»

Fonte: «Jovens dos EUA não gostam de TV no telemóvel e no iPod», Público, Ana Machado, 12/8/06

«A “rádio 2.0”, como lhe chamou Jorge Alexandre Lopes, será um personal media, onde o ouvinte poderá partilhar os conteúdos e terá oportunidade de ser ele próprio o emissor. “A rádio não é rádio”, sublinhou, referindo-se ao facto de os programas terem que passar a ser feitos para poderem ser consumidos em leitores de MP3, telemóveis e para circular entre computadores pessoais através de redes peer-to-peer. Trata-se de uma “lógica de hipermercado”: “As rádios e as televisões têm que pôr os seus     produtos nas prateleiras para que o utilizador escolha.”

«(…) o responsável pela RDP [Jorge Alexandre Lopes] apontou ainda que um terço dos cibernautas ouve música on line [dados de Portugal?], que 3,5 milhões de portugueses estão ligados à Internet (o correspondente a 42% do mercado de rádio), e que, só em Portugal, o número de leitores de mp3 vendidos ultrapassa já as 400 mil unidades» («Futuro da rádio e da televisão passa pelo personal media», João Pedro Pereira, Publico, 30/9/06, pág 47)

A convergência chegou ao mundo da rádio:

«I-Sonic entertainment system, the first product to include an HD Radio tuner, a DVD/CD player and XM Satellite Radio receiver in a single unit. The system sells for $599 in the U.S. and $719 in Canada. The I-Sonic is a small unit -- measuring only 14.5" x 9.75" x 4.75" -- for use anywhere in the home or office. The single disc DVD/CD player also plays MP3s, as well as many other formats, and the unit has two sets of auxiliary inputs to allow the hook up of any stereo audio device. The I-Sonic also features a headphone jack, 30 radio presets and a wireless remote control»

fonte: FMQB, Polk Ships Combined HD Radio/XM Satellite System, August 21, 2006

A nova Xfm de Manchester, que começa a emitir a 15 de Março, tem o baixista dos Smiths, Andy Rourke, a realizar um programa semanal. Também Tony Wilson, da Factory Records, estará a passar música na terceira emissora Xfm da Grã-Bretanha.

Informação institucional da Xfm aqui.

A rádio continua forte, é o título de um estudo da Paragon Media Strategies, que entrevistou 400 norte-americanos entre os 15 e os 64 anos.

Esse estudo, cujas conclusões estão aqui, revela que apenas 3 por cento dos inquiridos diz que NUNCA ouve rádio. E diz também que mais de metade (52%) já ouviram uma rádio na net; (um em cada cinco tem um leitor de Mp3; menos de um em cada dez subscreve rádio via satélite);

A maior parte (59) dos ouvintes que ouvem na net dizem que continuam a gastar o mesmo tempo com a rádio convencional; mas os ouvintes via satelite dizem que ouvem menos rádio convencional

Outra das conclusões: a rádio é para 51 % a primeira fonte para ouvir musica