«Such a heavy use of radio among adolescents exists even in present times, and it has been explained by many as providing teenagers with acceptable social cues; as gIvIng them something of interest to discuss with their friends (Brown, Eicher, & Petrie, 1986); as an important source for socialization (Adoni, 1979; Mendelsohn, 1964); and even as a way of rebellion against parental norms and a search for identification with peers rather than with adults (Golinko, 1984). Regardless of the explanations, it appears that television did not significantly affect (and has not affected) the time children and adolescents spent with radio. (...)I. Christenson and DeBenedittis (1986) asked first through fifth graders why they liked to listen to radio. More than 83% gave a response that referred to the musical content of the medium, and only 25% referred to seeking information. In their study, no significant gender or age difference in gratification was found. (...)Program choices are often not determined by any program or listener attribute but, rather, by the time (and location) of listening. [The study speculates that some of these programs are not the child's choice but that of their parents. In fact, these were programs heard in the car while driving].

(...)Wells and Hakanen (1991) found a gender difference in gratification. They found that female teenagers made greater use of music for mood management (mood enhancing or tranquilizing) than their male counterparts. For males, the most highly rated function ( radio was to get excited. This is very similar to the findings of Larson, Kubey, and Colletti (1989), who found that males listen to music that excites them, while females prefer ballads and love songs.» (PAIK, 2001: 12-13)